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Dyscalculia (dis-kal-KYOO-lee-uh) is not as well known as dyslexia, but both are learning disabilities.

Dyscalculia = Math

Causes trouble with:

  • Understanding arithmetic (numbers) concepts and solving arithmetic problems
  • Estimating time, measuring, and budgeting

Also called a Math Learning Disability

Graphic: White chalk on a green chalkboard forms the equation “1 + 1 = 2” and outlined numbers “1 2 3.”

Dyslexia = Written language

Causes trouble with:

  • Spelling
  • Understanding written sentences
  • Recognizing printed words seen before

Also called a Reading Disability

How many people have dyscalculia?

Boys are slightly more likely to have dyscalculia than girls.

What are the risk factors for dyscalculia?

By age 4

Has trouble

  • Listing numbers in correct order
  • Matching number words or written digits to number of objects
  • Counting objects

Age 6–12

Has regular and lasting trouble

  • Performing addition, subtraction, multiplication, or division appropriate to grade level
  • Recognizing math errors

Age 12+

Has trouble

  • Estimating (informed guessing)
  • Making exact calculations
  • Understanding graphs and charts
  • Understanding fractions and decimals

How can adults reduce the risk of dyscalculia in young children?

Show the child that numbers are a normal part of everyday life.

  • Mention numbers to your child while doing everyday activities—like grocery shopping or setting the table.
  • Count out loud and show the child both the written number word (“three”) and digit (“3”).
  • Count actual objects the child can see.
  • Compare objects in everyday conversation using words that describe size or amount.

For more information about learning disabilities, visit http://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/learning/conditioninfo. Download a PDF of the infographic.

Source: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development | Infographic: Does your child struggle with Math?, https://www.nichd.nih.gov/newsroom/digital-media/infographics/MathLearningDisability | Public domain. Last reviewed December 2017. Retrieved July 2022.
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